Sunday, March 30, 2008

National level meeting on total withdrawal of Coca-Cola in Plachimada

National level meeting on total withdrawal of Coca-Cola in Plachimada
Kerala, India

22 April 2008

'We demand total withdrawal of Coca-Cola from Plachimada'


Dear friends,

The historic struggle of the adivasis and peasants of Plachimada against the multinational soft drink giant Coca-cola is entering into its 7th year on 22 April 2008.

The struggle is now facing a very serious challenge that, as contrary to the expectations, the ruling LDF Government in Kerala is doing nothing to take punitive actions against the polluter company though mounting evidences are available with them regarding hazardous chemical waste dumping, ground water pollution, excess water depletion and serious violations of law by the company.

An expert team of the Kerala Ground water department submitted a study report to the government in which they revealed that pollutants like Cadmium and lead are spreading to other places through under ground water flow channels. Instead of taking legal actions on this the ground water authority (one which constituted by the government by nomination) tried to nullify the report and foreclose further actions and studies by conducting an urgent one hour visit to Plachimada. The two member (non-expert) team submitted some recommendations-'made only for coca-cola'.

The state pollution control board also is sleeping on the show cause notice given by them to Coca-cola, though the company had responded to that without any delay.

All these developments are pointing to the fact that justice to the people of Plachimada will be delayed, further even though it is a left front government in power in the state.

In these circumstances the people of Plachimada have no other way but to intensify the agitation.

The Plachimada anti-coca-cola struggle committee has decided to strengthen the agitation by drawing more support from all the people's movements doing similar struggles across the country.

On 22 April 2008 a national level meeting will be conducted at Plachimada to decide and declare the future agitation plans.

We request you to participate in this programme with your co-workers and friends.

With regards

Vilayodi Venugopalan Chairman
Plachimada Anti Coca-cola Struggle Committee
Kannimari PO
Palakkadakil, Kerala (India)
Tel: (+91) 9946373474
Email: plachimada2002@rediffmail.com

NP Johnson Chairman
Plachimada Struugle Solidarity Committee
Tel: (+91) 9447019546
Email: harithamythri@gmail.com

National level meeting on total withdrawal of Coca-Cola in Plachimada

National level meeting on total withdrawal of Coca-Cola in Plachimada
Kerala, India

22 April 2008

'We demand total withdrawal of Coca-Cola from Plachimada'


Dear friends,

The historic struggle of the adivasis and peasants of Plachimada against the multinational soft drink giant Coca-cola is entering into its 7th year on 22 April 2008.

The struggle is now facing a very serious challenge that, as contrary to the expectations, the ruling LDF Government in Kerala is doing nothing to take punitive actions against the polluter company though mounting evidences are available with them regarding hazardous chemical waste dumping, ground water pollution, excess water depletion and serious violations of law by the company.

An expert team of the Kerala Ground water department submitted a study report to the government in which they revealed that pollutants like Cadmium and lead are spreading to other places through under ground water flow channels. Instead of taking legal actions on this the ground water authority (one which constituted by the government by nomination) tried to nullify the report and foreclose further actions and studies by conducting an urgent one hour visit to Plachimada. The two member (non-expert) team submitted some recommendations-'made only for coca-cola'.

The state pollution control board also is sleeping on the show cause notice given by them to Coca-cola, though the company had responded to that without any delay.

All these developments are pointing to the fact that justice to the people of Plachimada will be delayed, further even though it is a left front government in power in the state.

In these circumstances the people of Plachimada have no other way but to intensify the agitation.

The Plachimada anti-coca-cola struggle committee has decided to strengthen the agitation by drawing more support from all the people's movements doing similar struggles across the country.

On 22 April 2008 a national level meeting will be conducted at Plachimada to decide and declare the future agitation plans.

We request you to participate in this programme with your co-workers and friends.

With regards

Vilayodi Venugopalan Chairman
Plachimada Anti Coca-cola Struggle Committee
Kannimari PO
Palakkadakil, Kerala (India)
Tel: (+91) 9946373474
Email: plachimada2002@rediffmail.com

NP Johnson Chairman
Plachimada Struugle Solidarity Committee
Tel: (+91) 9447019546
Email: harithamythri@gmail.com

Saturday, March 29, 2008

Film Stars to not endorse tobacco, junk foods and alcohol on-screen: Ramadoss

Film Stars to not endorse tobacco, junk foods and alcohol on-screen: Ramadoss

"Most importantly, is it going to hold tobacco corporations accountable and put a check on misleading, surreptitious and deceitful tobacco promotions they unabashedly indulge in?"


Portrayal of tobacco use in Indian cinema has been on the rise. Despite of The cigarette and other tobacco products Act (2003), repeated requests and appeals by health activists and India’s Union Health and Family Welfare Minister Dr Anbumani Ramadoss to film stars to desist from smoking on screen and also from brand placement, the incidence of tobacco use in films is only rising.

Dr Ramadoss again appealed to the film-stars to be socially responsible and not smoke on-screen in the larger interest of the youth of the nation. He made a “passionate request” to film stars and other celebrities to stop endorsing cigarettes and other tobacco products on-screen.

“Eighty percent of movies have smoking scenes and studies show that majority of the youngsters take up smoking under the influence of celebrities,” said Dr Ramadoss.

Just last week, the legal proceeding against Amitabh Bachchan, was quashed by a session's court in Goa. Indian film superstar Amitabh Bachchan had smoked a cigar in FAMILY film and the posters of which were splashed all across India. NOTE India, a Goa based NGO and Indian Society Against Smoking, a Lucknow based voluntary group had issued legal notices to Amitabh Bachchan then, and NOTE India had taken Amitabh to court. But court quashed the legal proceedings against the Bollywood film icon Amitabh.

Filmstars should also desist from endorsing junk food and alcohol, added Dr Ramadoss.

He agreed that although India had one of the best tobacco control laws but the problem lies with the implementation. The implementation agencies in India are themselves deep rooted in tobacco addiction. For example the level of tobacco consumption in healthcare workers is alarmingly high in India, and so is for police and judiciary. Moreover the facilities for tobacco cessation are too few, and the success-rate of tobacco quitting at these expert centres is not very encouraging broadly speaking. World Health Organization (WHO) has been supporting a nation-wide network of tobacco cessation clinics (TCC) but the number of such TCC is very limited considering the number of people who use tobacco and may eventually need tobacco cessation services.

“We will try and bring in school teachers, NCC cadets and various NGOs as legal enforcers,” Ramadoss said. “We are planning to introduce tobacco control at the school level also”, he added.

Apart from this, the ministry would launch a host of commercial spots and advertisements in print as well as the electronic media, he said.

But is this enough? Is it going to be effective in controlling tobacco use in India? Will it desist youth to take up the deadly addiction? Most importantly, is it going to hold tobacco corporations accountable and put a check on misleading, surreptitious and deceitful tobacco promotions they unabashedly indulge in?


Published in:

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand

Central Chronicle, India

Film Stars to not endorse tobacco, junk foods and alcohol on-screen: Ramadoss

Film Stars to not endorse tobacco, junk foods and alcohol on-screen: Ramadoss

"Most importantly, is it going to hold tobacco corporations accountable and put a check on misleading, surreptitious and deceitful tobacco promotions they unabashedly indulge in?"


Portrayal of tobacco use in Indian cinema has been on the rise. Despite of The cigarette and other tobacco products Act (2003), repeated requests and appeals by health activists and India’s Union Health and Family Welfare Minister Dr Anbumani Ramadoss to film stars to desist from smoking on screen and also from brand placement, the incidence of tobacco use in films is only rising.

Dr Ramadoss again appealed to the film-stars to be socially responsible and not smoke on-screen in the larger interest of the youth of the nation. He made a “passionate request” to film stars and other celebrities to stop endorsing cigarettes and other tobacco products on-screen.

“Eighty percent of movies have smoking scenes and studies show that majority of the youngsters take up smoking under the influence of celebrities,” said Dr Ramadoss.

Just last week, the legal proceeding against Amitabh Bachchan, was quashed by a session's court in Goa. Indian film superstar Amitabh Bachchan had smoked a cigar in FAMILY film and the posters of which were splashed all across India. NOTE India, a Goa based NGO and Indian Society Against Smoking, a Lucknow based voluntary group had issued legal notices to Amitabh Bachchan then, and NOTE India had taken Amitabh to court. But court quashed the legal proceedings against the Bollywood film icon Amitabh.

Filmstars should also desist from endorsing junk food and alcohol, added Dr Ramadoss.

He agreed that although India had one of the best tobacco control laws but the problem lies with the implementation. The implementation agencies in India are themselves deep rooted in tobacco addiction. For example the level of tobacco consumption in healthcare workers is alarmingly high in India, and so is for police and judiciary. Moreover the facilities for tobacco cessation are too few, and the success-rate of tobacco quitting at these expert centres is not very encouraging broadly speaking. World Health Organization (WHO) has been supporting a nation-wide network of tobacco cessation clinics (TCC) but the number of such TCC is very limited considering the number of people who use tobacco and may eventually need tobacco cessation services.

“We will try and bring in school teachers, NCC cadets and various NGOs as legal enforcers,” Ramadoss said. “We are planning to introduce tobacco control at the school level also”, he added.

Apart from this, the ministry would launch a host of commercial spots and advertisements in print as well as the electronic media, he said.

But is this enough? Is it going to be effective in controlling tobacco use in India? Will it desist youth to take up the deadly addiction? Most importantly, is it going to hold tobacco corporations accountable and put a check on misleading, surreptitious and deceitful tobacco promotions they unabashedly indulge in?


Published in:

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand

Central Chronicle, India

Thursday, March 27, 2008

Orissa: An Economic Scam Coming?

Orissa: An Economic Scam Coming?

Sandip Dasverma and Sanat Mohanty

While the Government of Orissa (India) ostensibly fights opposition to the POSCO project from human rights activists and environmentalists, is there a gargantuan economic scam playing out?

The second statement in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between POSCO and Orissa state government states:

“The Government of Orissa, desirous of utilizing its natural resources and rapidly industrializing the State, so as to bring prosperity and wellbeing to its people, has been making determined efforts to establish new industries in different locations. In this context, the Government of Orissa have been seeking to identify suitable promoters to establish new Integrated Steel Plants in view of the rich iron ore and coal deposits in the State.”

We must look at the impact of this economic venture on Orissa from a social and environmental perspective but most importantly from an economic perspective.

In the MoU, POSCO plans investment of approximately USD 12 Billion or Rs 48,000 crores. The numbers are awesome. Rs 48,000 crores could do much for a state that is faced with one of the poorest social and economic indices in the nation – in terms of literacy, health care, nutrition and mortality, earning power, etc. As part of Phase I, POSCO plans on setting up projects worth Rs 21,900 crores by 2012 and projects worth 21,500 crores as part of Phase II by 2016.

POSCO will set up an Indian subsidiary headquartered in Bhubaneswar for this effort based on 20-25 acres of land. In addition, POSCO will require 6000 acres of land for the steel project and associated facilities as well as for township development. In addition, other land may be acquired for infrastructure to transport goods between plants and to the port, for water treatment, etc. The Government of Orissa has undertaken to provide this land to the company.

In a show of good intentions, the MoU also notes that:

“The Government of Orissa appreciates that the Company will be a responsible corporate house with a high involvement in employees' welfare and social development.”

The Oriya community is thus thrilled at the prospect of a major multinational investing in setting up the biggest iron and steel project in Orissa which will not only bring in an unheard amount of investment into the state but also provide for jobs and townships to help develop the people of the state. The Government of Orissa must be proud for having pulled this off.

And yet, there has been significant hue and cry on this deal. Environmentalist crying about a waterfall that could die – who cares about it when people are dying from starvation! Hills and scenic beauty will disappear – who cares if it provides stable livelihoods to a significant fraction or Orissa's people. Even the discussion on the Ridley turtles seems ridiculous from this perspective. The people of Orissa seem justified in arguing that similar penalties were paid in the development of Maharashtra, Karnataka or other more developed parts of India or the world – so why complain now that we are doing the same. And that is a fair argument.

It is also fair to truly understand the details of this economic benefit that Government of Orissa believes will come to Orissa.

The Direct Economic Component

As part of the initial deal, POSCO has promised a flat rate of royalty at Rs 27/tonne of iron ore to the Government of Orissa (for ore with at least 62% iron content). This results in less than Rs 1620 crores to Government of Orissa over time of the contract of 600 Million Tonnes.

The current global market rate of iron ore is over USD100/tonne. In December 2007, the market was at USD 120/tonne. By this rate, 600 million tonnes of iron ore (that POSCO would mine) at greater than 62% iron content would result in Rs 240,000 crores. Wow! We suddenly realize that POSCO has effectively been given this ore free. Accounting for mining costs and the total investment package (less than 10% of the costs) the people and the state of Orissa are getting less than 1% of open market price of iron ore.

This is not a special deal for POSCO – similar (though smaller) deals are in the works with Tatas, Vedanta, Jindal, etc. Why is the Government of Orissa (and the Central Government) pursuing such deals? People in the business point to the strength of special interest groups and the mining lobby and that all political parties have received their dues from the lobby. Processes are encumbered with corruption – every truck load mined needs to pay the local MLA Rs 500 and a similar amount goes to the party coffers.

For all the excitement among the Oriya community, there have been few demanding accountability from Government of Orissa - why is the Government of Orissa is selling the ores at less than 1% of the global price. Surely, more money coming into the state coffer will be more helpful for people, will lead to more development?

After detailed analysis, some groups have demanded that the Government of Orissa set the royalty at 50% of market price, and that if the iron ore were to be converted to steel outside the state, the royalty be 80%. Even at this high a royalty, POSCO will be profitable. While Government of Orissa argued that this would allow other states to undercut Orissa and get a better deal, critics have suggested that these states form a coalition, like Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), to set prices. Such a coalition including the 5 states of Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, Karnataka and Rajasthan is underway. Chief Ministers from these states met with the Prime Minister of India, on 19th of December and demanded a 20% royalty down from public demand of 50%. The Central Government of India haggled and is considering a royalty of 7.5-10%. The Government of Orissa seems too readily satisfied with this suggestion.

Such pressure does make the state respond. Now the state of Orissa will receive Rs 18,000 to 24,000 Crore in royalty (if this is made binding) as opposed to 1620 crores as per the earlier plan.

What reasons force these governments to undersell minerals at >90% below market prices? The state government has been very unwilling to provide details of the transactions, with the Government of Orissa initially claiming that disclosing such details of public funds went against confidentiality agreements (unless there are security threats, democratic governments globally have provided details of deals with private agencies). Why should Government of Orissa, with an annual budget of 4500 crores, let go 108,000 crores or 3600 crores per year for next 30 years and be satisfied with 600 crores/ year? (50% of 216,000 crores the price of 600 MT of Iron Ore at last year's prices)

Sandip Dasverma and Sanat Mohanty

Published in:

Central Chronicle, Madhya Pradesh, India (29 March 2008)

The Seoul Times, South Korea (29 March 2008)

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand (29 March 2008)

Orissa: An Economic Scam Coming?

Orissa: An Economic Scam Coming?

Sandip Dasverma and Sanat Mohanty

While the Government of Orissa (India) ostensibly fights opposition to the POSCO project from human rights activists and environmentalists, is there a gargantuan economic scam playing out?

The second statement in the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between POSCO and Orissa state government states:

“The Government of Orissa, desirous of utilizing its natural resources and rapidly industrializing the State, so as to bring prosperity and wellbeing to its people, has been making determined efforts to establish new industries in different locations. In this context, the Government of Orissa have been seeking to identify suitable promoters to establish new Integrated Steel Plants in view of the rich iron ore and coal deposits in the State.”

We must look at the impact of this economic venture on Orissa from a social and environmental perspective but most importantly from an economic perspective.

In the MoU, POSCO plans investment of approximately USD 12 Billion or Rs 48,000 crores. The numbers are awesome. Rs 48,000 crores could do much for a state that is faced with one of the poorest social and economic indices in the nation – in terms of literacy, health care, nutrition and mortality, earning power, etc. As part of Phase I, POSCO plans on setting up projects worth Rs 21,900 crores by 2012 and projects worth 21,500 crores as part of Phase II by 2016.

POSCO will set up an Indian subsidiary headquartered in Bhubaneswar for this effort based on 20-25 acres of land. In addition, POSCO will require 6000 acres of land for the steel project and associated facilities as well as for township development. In addition, other land may be acquired for infrastructure to transport goods between plants and to the port, for water treatment, etc. The Government of Orissa has undertaken to provide this land to the company.

In a show of good intentions, the MoU also notes that:

“The Government of Orissa appreciates that the Company will be a responsible corporate house with a high involvement in employees' welfare and social development.”

The Oriya community is thus thrilled at the prospect of a major multinational investing in setting up the biggest iron and steel project in Orissa which will not only bring in an unheard amount of investment into the state but also provide for jobs and townships to help develop the people of the state. The Government of Orissa must be proud for having pulled this off.

And yet, there has been significant hue and cry on this deal. Environmentalist crying about a waterfall that could die – who cares about it when people are dying from starvation! Hills and scenic beauty will disappear – who cares if it provides stable livelihoods to a significant fraction or Orissa's people. Even the discussion on the Ridley turtles seems ridiculous from this perspective. The people of Orissa seem justified in arguing that similar penalties were paid in the development of Maharashtra, Karnataka or other more developed parts of India or the world – so why complain now that we are doing the same. And that is a fair argument.

It is also fair to truly understand the details of this economic benefit that Government of Orissa believes will come to Orissa.

The Direct Economic Component

As part of the initial deal, POSCO has promised a flat rate of royalty at Rs 27/tonne of iron ore to the Government of Orissa (for ore with at least 62% iron content). This results in less than Rs 1620 crores to Government of Orissa over time of the contract of 600 Million Tonnes.

The current global market rate of iron ore is over USD100/tonne. In December 2007, the market was at USD 120/tonne. By this rate, 600 million tonnes of iron ore (that POSCO would mine) at greater than 62% iron content would result in Rs 240,000 crores. Wow! We suddenly realize that POSCO has effectively been given this ore free. Accounting for mining costs and the total investment package (less than 10% of the costs) the people and the state of Orissa are getting less than 1% of open market price of iron ore.

This is not a special deal for POSCO – similar (though smaller) deals are in the works with Tatas, Vedanta, Jindal, etc. Why is the Government of Orissa (and the Central Government) pursuing such deals? People in the business point to the strength of special interest groups and the mining lobby and that all political parties have received their dues from the lobby. Processes are encumbered with corruption – every truck load mined needs to pay the local MLA Rs 500 and a similar amount goes to the party coffers.

For all the excitement among the Oriya community, there have been few demanding accountability from Government of Orissa - why is the Government of Orissa is selling the ores at less than 1% of the global price. Surely, more money coming into the state coffer will be more helpful for people, will lead to more development?

After detailed analysis, some groups have demanded that the Government of Orissa set the royalty at 50% of market price, and that if the iron ore were to be converted to steel outside the state, the royalty be 80%. Even at this high a royalty, POSCO will be profitable. While Government of Orissa argued that this would allow other states to undercut Orissa and get a better deal, critics have suggested that these states form a coalition, like Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), to set prices. Such a coalition including the 5 states of Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, Karnataka and Rajasthan is underway. Chief Ministers from these states met with the Prime Minister of India, on 19th of December and demanded a 20% royalty down from public demand of 50%. The Central Government of India haggled and is considering a royalty of 7.5-10%. The Government of Orissa seems too readily satisfied with this suggestion.

Such pressure does make the state respond. Now the state of Orissa will receive Rs 18,000 to 24,000 Crore in royalty (if this is made binding) as opposed to 1620 crores as per the earlier plan.

What reasons force these governments to undersell minerals at >90% below market prices? The state government has been very unwilling to provide details of the transactions, with the Government of Orissa initially claiming that disclosing such details of public funds went against confidentiality agreements (unless there are security threats, democratic governments globally have provided details of deals with private agencies). Why should Government of Orissa, with an annual budget of 4500 crores, let go 108,000 crores or 3600 crores per year for next 30 years and be satisfied with 600 crores/ year? (50% of 216,000 crores the price of 600 MT of Iron Ore at last year's prices)

Sandip Dasverma and Sanat Mohanty

Published in:

Central Chronicle, Madhya Pradesh, India (29 March 2008)

The Seoul Times, South Korea (29 March 2008)

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand (29 March 2008)

Wednesday, March 26, 2008

Can we stop drug-resistant TB too?

Can we stop drug-resistant TB too?


Listen to the audio podcast of this article here


This World Tuberculosis (TB) Day (24 March) is another opportunity for the people to review their TB responses. Drug susceptible TB is treatable, curable and with proper programme interventions, it is possible to say ‘I can stop TB’ on World TB Day. Can we say the same for drug-resistant TB?

Drug-resistant TB has been recorded in the world at the highest levels ever according to the World Health Organization (WHO) report (Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World, February 2008).

DOTS (directly-observed treatment short-course), is the internationally recommended TB control strategy that includes standardized case detection, treatment and patient support. It requires consistent drug supply and effective monitoring systems. According to WHO, drug resistant TB is a symptom of poor programme performance. If we hope to change the outcome, and decrease the proportion of drug resistant TB, doesn't the DOTS model need to be adapted or its implementation improved? More of the same might only compound the TB drug resistance threat.

The African, South-East Asian and Western pacific regions account for 83% of total TB case notifications according to the Global Tuberculosis Control report of WHO (March 2008). China, India and Indonesia are home to two-in-three of the world's TB cases. The Africa region has the highest TB incidence rate. These countries are expanding coverage of its TB programme at record-breaking speed. In its shadow, drug resistance is also upping the pace.

The proportion of resistance to at least one anti-TB drug (any resistance) was found to be as high as 56.3% in Azerbaijan.

Multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is defined as TB with resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful first line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB patients have significantly poor outcomes than patients with drug susceptible TB.

Global estimates indicate that 4.8% of TB cases were of MDR-TB (about half a million MDR-TB patients). Currently treatment is available only to one out of ten MDR-TB patients and 90% of MDR-TB patients cannot have access to treatment they need today.

About 50% of MDR-TB cases are in India and China because of large population. In Africa, hard-hit by HIV, the proportion of TB drug-resistance is no less alarming. In former Soviet Union, almost half of all TB cases are resistant to at least one anti-TB drug and every fifth case of TB will be of MDR-TB.

Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is virtually untreatable and likely to emerge where second-line anti-TB drugs are widely and inappropriately used. XDR-TB is more expensive and difficult to treat than MDR-TB and outcomes for patients are much worse with mortality rates very high. So far 46 countries have reported XDR-TB with UK reporting the first XDR-TB case last week.

Studies suggest that transmission of TB, especially the drug-resistant strains is more likely to take place where people living with HIV (PLHIV) congregate. Healthcare settings, for example those for anti-retroviral (ARV) delivery, is one such place where improper infection control can put PLHIV at risk of contracting TB. TB is the most common opportunistic infection and leading cause of death for PLHIV. Improving infection control in healthcare settings is clearly vital, doable and potentially life saving.

In many countries insufficient laboratory capacity to test drug-resistance is a serious impediment in scaling up TB programmes. Even the new WHO report on TB drug-resistance had data only from 6 African countries because other countries had no laboratory capacity to provide data on anti-TB drug-resistance. Developing laboratories to provide rapid diagnosis of anti-TB drug-resistance, particularly for PLHIV, is of utmost importance to improve TB responses.

Not only more and better TB drugs and diagnostics in the public sector are urgently needed but also better strategies to make TB control programmes work more effectively for the most vulnerable and hard to reach communities are essential to improving treatment adherence and, as a consequence, reducing drug resistance.

Published in:

The Viewspaper

Central Chronicle, Madhya Pradesh, India

Assam Times, Assam, India

The Brunei Times, Brunei Darussalam

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand

The Seoul Times, Seoul, South Korea

News Blaze, USA

Media for Freedom, Nepal


Can we stop drug-resistant TB too?

Can we stop drug-resistant TB too?


Listen to the audio podcast of this article here


This World Tuberculosis (TB) Day (24 March) is another opportunity for the people to review their TB responses. Drug susceptible TB is treatable, curable and with proper programme interventions, it is possible to say ‘I can stop TB’ on World TB Day. Can we say the same for drug-resistant TB?

Drug-resistant TB has been recorded in the world at the highest levels ever according to the World Health Organization (WHO) report (Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World, February 2008).

DOTS (directly-observed treatment short-course), is the internationally recommended TB control strategy that includes standardized case detection, treatment and patient support. It requires consistent drug supply and effective monitoring systems. According to WHO, drug resistant TB is a symptom of poor programme performance. If we hope to change the outcome, and decrease the proportion of drug resistant TB, doesn't the DOTS model need to be adapted or its implementation improved? More of the same might only compound the TB drug resistance threat.

The African, South-East Asian and Western pacific regions account for 83% of total TB case notifications according to the Global Tuberculosis Control report of WHO (March 2008). China, India and Indonesia are home to two-in-three of the world's TB cases. The Africa region has the highest TB incidence rate. These countries are expanding coverage of its TB programme at record-breaking speed. In its shadow, drug resistance is also upping the pace.

The proportion of resistance to at least one anti-TB drug (any resistance) was found to be as high as 56.3% in Azerbaijan.

Multi drug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is defined as TB with resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful first line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB patients have significantly poor outcomes than patients with drug susceptible TB.

Global estimates indicate that 4.8% of TB cases were of MDR-TB (about half a million MDR-TB patients). Currently treatment is available only to one out of ten MDR-TB patients and 90% of MDR-TB patients cannot have access to treatment they need today.

About 50% of MDR-TB cases are in India and China because of large population. In Africa, hard-hit by HIV, the proportion of TB drug-resistance is no less alarming. In former Soviet Union, almost half of all TB cases are resistant to at least one anti-TB drug and every fifth case of TB will be of MDR-TB.

Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) is virtually untreatable and likely to emerge where second-line anti-TB drugs are widely and inappropriately used. XDR-TB is more expensive and difficult to treat than MDR-TB and outcomes for patients are much worse with mortality rates very high. So far 46 countries have reported XDR-TB with UK reporting the first XDR-TB case last week.

Studies suggest that transmission of TB, especially the drug-resistant strains is more likely to take place where people living with HIV (PLHIV) congregate. Healthcare settings, for example those for anti-retroviral (ARV) delivery, is one such place where improper infection control can put PLHIV at risk of contracting TB. TB is the most common opportunistic infection and leading cause of death for PLHIV. Improving infection control in healthcare settings is clearly vital, doable and potentially life saving.

In many countries insufficient laboratory capacity to test drug-resistance is a serious impediment in scaling up TB programmes. Even the new WHO report on TB drug-resistance had data only from 6 African countries because other countries had no laboratory capacity to provide data on anti-TB drug-resistance. Developing laboratories to provide rapid diagnosis of anti-TB drug-resistance, particularly for PLHIV, is of utmost importance to improve TB responses.

Not only more and better TB drugs and diagnostics in the public sector are urgently needed but also better strategies to make TB control programmes work more effectively for the most vulnerable and hard to reach communities are essential to improving treatment adherence and, as a consequence, reducing drug resistance.

Published in:

The Viewspaper

Central Chronicle, Madhya Pradesh, India

Assam Times, Assam, India

The Brunei Times, Brunei Darussalam

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand

The Seoul Times, Seoul, South Korea

News Blaze, USA

Media for Freedom, Nepal


Thursday, March 20, 2008

Who will pay US$ 80 billion to halve the no. of people without basic sanitation?

Special article on
World Water Day, 22 March 2008

Who will pay US$ 80 billion to halve the no. of people without basic sanitation?

To listen to the audio podcast of this article, click here

How will we achieve the millennium development goal (MDG) target to reduce by half the proportion of 2.6 billion people who have no access to basic sanitation by 2015?

On this year’s World Water Day (22 March 2008), to put the spotlight on sanitation the United Nations General Assembly declared the year 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation. The goal is to raise awareness and to accelerate progress towards the MDG targets to halve the number of people without access to basic sanitation by 2015.

Where is the estimated US$ 10 billion annual cost to achieve this MDG target by 2015 going to come from? From 2008-2015, we will need US$ 80 billion to achieve this target which will halve the number of 2.6 billion people who presently have no access to basic sanitation (and even if we achieve this MDG target it will still leave the other half (1.3 billion people) without access to basic sanitation in 2015!).


This amount is less than 1% of world military spending in 2005, one-third of the estimated global spending on bottled water, or about as much as Europeans spend on ice cream each year.

Private corporations, including the bottled water companies, who have largely demonstrated ruthless capital-intensive approach with blatant disregard to environmental or ecological aspects depriving local communities from access to natural resources, should be the ones to foot this bill. Not the public sector or governments of developing countries” says Dr Sandeep Pandey, Ramon Magsaysay awardee (2002) and Convener of National Alliance of People’s Movements (NAPM).

Aggressive marketing targeted at those ‘who-have-money-to-pay’ has contributed extensively to exacerbate the gap between the rich and poor communities. This has not only jeopardized basic human rights to life and dignity of the underserved communities, but also left the ‘rich’ with a mountainous burden of lifestyle diseases to deal with.

Water is a public good, not a commodity to be bought and sold. Increasing corporate control of water is undoubtedly alarming.

“Corporations are contributing to, and then profiting from, the global water crisis,” had said Kathryn Mulvey, Executive Director of Corporate Accountability International. She stressed further that “One of the greatest threats to people’s access to water today is that corporate use of water is often prioritized over people’s daily use.”

The money required to achieve MDG goals by halving the number of people who don’t have access to basic sanitation is ONE-THIRD of the global spending on bottled water. “If one-third of the profits from bottled water companies can help 1.3 billion people to get access to basic sanitation, not doing that and letting bottled water companies mint money is outrageous” asserts Dr Pandey.

As water becomes more precious, corporations like Coke, Pepsi, Nestlé, Suez and Veolia are increasingly trying to control and profit from it. Ironically enough, at the same time, these corporations are trying to position themselves as ‘improving’ people’s access to water.

As natural rights, water rights are usufructuary rights (water can be used but not owned). People have a right to life and the resources that sustain it, such as water. The necessity of water to life is why, under customary laws, the right to water has been accepted as a natural, social fact.

That is why governments and corporations cannot alienate people of their water rights. On this World Water Day and beyond, not only we need to challenge the alarming corporate control of water, but also stake a claim to financial and natural resources that rightfully should be utilized to provide access to basic sanitation to all.

Published so far in:

The Japan Times, Japan

The Yemen Times, Yemen

The Seoul Times, South Korea

The Zimbabwe Times, Zimbabwe

The Brunei Times, Brunei Darussalam

Assam Times, Assam, India

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand

Asian Tribune (Thailand/ Sri Lanka)

News Blaze, US

The Viewspaper

The New Nation, Bangladesh

Kathmandu Post, Nepal

Mauritius Times, Mauritius

Who will pay US$ 80 billion to halve the no. of people without basic sanitation?

Special article on
World Water Day, 22 March 2008

Who will pay US$ 80 billion to halve the no. of people without basic sanitation?

To listen to the audio podcast of this article, click here

How will we achieve the millennium development goal (MDG) target to reduce by half the proportion of 2.6 billion people who have no access to basic sanitation by 2015?

On this year’s World Water Day (22 March 2008), to put the spotlight on sanitation the United Nations General Assembly declared the year 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation. The goal is to raise awareness and to accelerate progress towards the MDG targets to halve the number of people without access to basic sanitation by 2015.

Where is the estimated US$ 10 billion annual cost to achieve this MDG target by 2015 going to come from? From 2008-2015, we will need US$ 80 billion to achieve this target which will halve the number of 2.6 billion people who presently have no access to basic sanitation (and even if we achieve this MDG target it will still leave the other half (1.3 billion people) without access to basic sanitation in 2015!).


This amount is less than 1% of world military spending in 2005, one-third of the estimated global spending on bottled water, or about as much as Europeans spend on ice cream each year.

Private corporations, including the bottled water companies, who have largely demonstrated ruthless capital-intensive approach with blatant disregard to environmental or ecological aspects depriving local communities from access to natural resources, should be the ones to foot this bill. Not the public sector or governments of developing countries” says Dr Sandeep Pandey, Ramon Magsaysay awardee (2002) and Convener of National Alliance of People’s Movements (NAPM).

Aggressive marketing targeted at those ‘who-have-money-to-pay’ has contributed extensively to exacerbate the gap between the rich and poor communities. This has not only jeopardized basic human rights to life and dignity of the underserved communities, but also left the ‘rich’ with a mountainous burden of lifestyle diseases to deal with.

Water is a public good, not a commodity to be bought and sold. Increasing corporate control of water is undoubtedly alarming.

“Corporations are contributing to, and then profiting from, the global water crisis,” had said Kathryn Mulvey, Executive Director of Corporate Accountability International. She stressed further that “One of the greatest threats to people’s access to water today is that corporate use of water is often prioritized over people’s daily use.”

The money required to achieve MDG goals by halving the number of people who don’t have access to basic sanitation is ONE-THIRD of the global spending on bottled water. “If one-third of the profits from bottled water companies can help 1.3 billion people to get access to basic sanitation, not doing that and letting bottled water companies mint money is outrageous” asserts Dr Pandey.

As water becomes more precious, corporations like Coke, Pepsi, Nestlé, Suez and Veolia are increasingly trying to control and profit from it. Ironically enough, at the same time, these corporations are trying to position themselves as ‘improving’ people’s access to water.

As natural rights, water rights are usufructuary rights (water can be used but not owned). People have a right to life and the resources that sustain it, such as water. The necessity of water to life is why, under customary laws, the right to water has been accepted as a natural, social fact.

That is why governments and corporations cannot alienate people of their water rights. On this World Water Day and beyond, not only we need to challenge the alarming corporate control of water, but also stake a claim to financial and natural resources that rightfully should be utilized to provide access to basic sanitation to all.

Published so far in:

The Japan Times, Japan

The Yemen Times, Yemen

The Seoul Times, South Korea

The Zimbabwe Times, Zimbabwe

The Brunei Times, Brunei Darussalam

Assam Times, Assam, India

Scoop Independent News, New Zealand

Asian Tribune (Thailand/ Sri Lanka)

News Blaze, US

The Viewspaper

The New Nation, Bangladesh

Kathmandu Post, Nepal

Mauritius Times, Mauritius